Essay about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Introduction Being focused on to the important aspects of life is one of the main functions of the brain. In some diseases or disorders this special function of the brain is either lost or diminished. One such disorder which diminishes the functions of the brain is the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. This disorder was initially considered to affect only children but this is a misconception as this disorder is also noticed amongst adults. This essay will focus upon the Adult Attention Deficit hyperactive disorder. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neuropsychiatric condition in which an individual is not able to concentrate or focus on a single aspect for a longer†¦show more content†¦In 1937 Charles Bradley used stimulants to treat children who were supposed to be suffering from this disorder and it was because of this work that in 1956 Ritalin as a drug was introduced to treat the hyperactivity disorder. I n early 1960 the disorder was named as â€Å"Minimal Brain Dysfunction† and still stimulants were used to treat the disorder. In the latter stages of 1960 the disorder became known as â€Å"Hyperkinetic Disorder of Childhood†. In 1970s more symptoms were joined with this disorder which showed how an individual would behave when he had ADHD. It was in 1980s that the name Adult Deficiency Disorder evolved and this was included in the DSM III given by the American Psychiatric Association. In 1987 the name was changed to Adult Deficiency Hyperactivity Disorder and new medications which were not stimulants came into the market in the year of 2003 (Fitzgerald et al 2007; Londrie 2006). Assessment and Classification ADHD is diagnosed on the basis of psychiatric assessment and a detailed in depth discussion with the parents or teachers, and on the basis of a questionnaire taken by the child if he or she is old enough. The data collected is compared with a standard list of signs and symptoms, termed as Diagnostic And Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM 4) for North America and with International Statistical Classification of diseases and related health problems (ICD 10) for European Nations, where ADHD is given the name ofShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1710 Words   |  7 Pages Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD which is often referred to as childhood hyperactivity, it s a severe and chronic disorder for children. It is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, and affects 3% to 5% of the school-age population. Boys outnumber girls three or more to one. Children with ADHD can experience many behavioral difficulties that often manifest in the form of inattention, being easily distracted, being impulsive, and hyperactivity. As a result, children withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1744 Words   |  7 PagesI chose to research Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, otherwise known as ADHD, in culture and child development for the following reasons. First, it is important as educators that we understand the difference between restlessness and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children. Secondly, we must be conscious of the origins of ADHD, how to recognize it, the myths and prejudices against it, and kn ow the most appropriate intervention strategies. Educators must also realize that evenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1495 Words   |  6 Pagesoccasionally forget to do their homework, get fidgety when they lose interest in an activity, or speak out of turn during class time. But inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are all signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neuro-development disorder and can start as early as three years old throughout adulthood. People with ADHD have trouble focusing on tasks and activities, this can have a negative impact on the individual in different ways. It can make the child feelRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1699 Words   |  7 Pageshas had some difficulty sitting still, paying attention and even controlling impulsive behavior once or twice in our life. For some people, however, the problems that occur slim to none in our life occurs in the lives of theirs every day and interfere with every aspect of their life inclusive of home, academic, social and work. . The interaction of core ADHD symptoms with co-morbid problems and neuropsychological deï ¬ cits suggests that individuals with ADHD are likely to experience problems in academicRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)1259 Words   |  5 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly found disorder in children in the United States. Statistics show that the male to female ratio for children with ADHD is eight to one. 4.4 million Children between the ages four to seventeen have diagnosed with ADHD (Cheng Tina L et al.). African American children are at a higher risk for having ADHD. Caucasian children are least likely to have ADHD. 2.5 million children receive medication for ADHD, but African American childrenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1002 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract There are many disorders that are first diagnosed whether it is during infancy, childhood or adolescence. The disorders range from intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, communication disorders, all the way through to elimination disorders. Attention-deficit and disruptive disorders are the most common. All including AD/HD, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and unspecified disruptive disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most commonRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1058 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (or ADHD/ADD.) While much is known about these disorders and how they affect the education of children, there are only a few known methods that consistently help an affected child focus and target in on what they need to learn. Medication for children With Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder must be used as an aid to help the affected child to focus and comprehend information being presented to them. Children with Attention DeficitRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )978 Words   |  4 Pagesin diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children since the 21st century. Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the increase has been seen as a difference from, â€Å"7.8% in 2003 to 9.5% in 2007 and to 11.0% in 2011† (p. 4). Many questions arise concerning why the numbers are on the rise, especially when boys are 7.6 percent more likely than girls to receive the diagnosis of ADHD. When should the line be drawn between a disorder, and hyperactivity that comes withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1552 Words   |  7 PagesATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Seth was a second grader at West Elementary. He constantly got reprimanded by his teachers for not paying attention in class. He could not understand the information given to him during the school day. He thought he was stupid and useless. But he was not. His parents got him tested by a doctor for ADHD. He is one of many kids in the United States who have been recognized as having it. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a major issue in the educationRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay700 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is ADHD? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects almost 10% of American children between 13 and 18 years old, as well as 4% of U.S. adults over 18. Only a licensed mental health professional can provide an ADHD diagnosis, after a thorough evaluation. ADHD has three primary characteristics: Inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Inattentive: Are effortlessly distracted, fail to catch details, are forgetful, and regularly switch activities. Find it difficult to focus Essay about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, more commonly known as ADD or ADHD, has become much more common recently. As of 1994 the DSM-IV stated that about 3%-5% of American school aged children have this disorder. While it is quite a few children, what I find to be even more interesting are the male-to-female ratios within the disorder. They range from 4:1 to 9:1. According to Wade, Carol Travis (2000), boys make up 80 to 90 percent of all ADHD cases. What Ive looked into finding out is why there is such a gender difference. I wanted to know if it was because the way society raises girls, or are boys really at a higher risk for it. I am interested in this topic because a male cousin of mine recently was diagnosed with this disorder.†¦show more content†¦Most scientists believe it is caused by an abnormality such as a chemical imbalance in the brain. It can be divided up into 3 different sub-categories. There are the hyperactive-impulsive type, the inattention type, and the combined type. To be diagnosed with the hyperactive-impulsive type a child needs to be seen as being very fidgety or on the go all the time, and engaging in physical activity that isnt appropriate for the setting that they are in. They also would have some signs of impulsivity that can include difficulty taking turns, interrupting people, and blurting out answers before the question is finished. Then there is the impulsivity sub-type. To be diagnosed with this, a child must show more symptoms from the impulsive list than the hyperactive ones. These, along with the ones stated before, can include seeming too not listening when spoken to and easily being distracted by extraneous stimuli. Finally, there is the combined type that, just like its name implies, this sub-type needs to meet all criteria for both hyperactive-impulsive and inattention (DSM-IV, 1994). Most of my research focused on how gender and society play into the diagnosis of ADHD more in boys than in girls. I was looking into if society has conditioned us to see girls as more calm and they are supposed to sit still and not do much in general and boys as more active and aggressive. It was not hard to find much literature on this topic. One article that IShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1710 Words   |  7 Pages Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD which is often referred to as childhood hyperactivity, it s a severe and chronic disorder for children. It is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, and affects 3% to 5% of the school-age population. Boys outnumber girls three or more to one. Children with ADHD can experience many behavioral difficulties that often manifest in the form of inattention, being easily distracted, being impulsive, and hyperactivity. As a result, children withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1744 Words   |  7 PagesI chose to research Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, otherwise known as ADHD, in culture and child development for the following reasons. First, it is important as educators that we understand the difference between restlessness and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children. Secondly, we must be conscious of the origins of ADHD, how to recognize it, the myths and prejudices against it, and kn ow the most appropriate intervention strategies. Educators must also realize that evenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1495 Words   |  6 Pagesoccasionally forget to do their homework, get fidgety when they lose interest in an activity, or speak out of turn during class time. But inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are all signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neuro-development disorder and can start as early as three years old throughout adulthood. People with ADHD have trouble focusing on tasks and activities, this can have a negative impact on the individual in different ways. It can make the child feelRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1699 Words   |  7 Pageshas had some difficulty sitting still, paying attention and even controlling impulsive behavior once or twice in our life. For some people, however, the problems that occur slim to none in our life occurs in the lives of theirs every day and interfere with every aspect of their life inclusive of home, academic, social and work. . The interaction of core ADHD symptoms with co-morbid problems and neuropsychological deï ¬ cits suggests that individuals with ADHD are likely to experience problems in academicRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)1259 Words   |  5 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly found disorder in children in the United States. Statistics show that the male to female ratio for children with ADHD is eight to one. 4.4 million Children between the ages four to seventeen have diagnosed with ADHD (Cheng Tina L et al.). African American children are at a higher risk for having ADHD. Caucasian children are least likely to have ADHD. 2.5 million children receive medication for ADHD, but African American childrenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1002 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract There are many disorders that are first diagnosed whether it is during infancy, childhood or adolescence. The disorders range from intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, communication disorders, all the way through to elimination disorders. Attention-deficit and disruptive disorders are the most common. All including AD/HD, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and unspecified disruptive disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most commonRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1058 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (or ADHD/ADD.) While much is known about these disorders and how they affect the education of children, there are only a few known methods that consistently help an affected child focus and target in on what they need to learn. Medication for children With Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder must be used as an aid to help the affected child to focus and comprehend information being presented to them. Children with Attention DeficitRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )978 Words   |  4 Pagesin diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children since the 21st century. Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the increase has been seen as a difference from, â€Å"7.8% in 2003 to 9.5% in 2007 and to 11.0% in 2011† (p. 4). Many questions arise concerning why the numbers are on the rise, especially when boys are 7.6 percent more likely than girls to receive the diagnosis of ADHD. When should the line be drawn between a disorder, and hyperactivity that comes withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1552 Words   |  7 PagesATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Seth was a second grader at West Elementary. He constantly got reprimanded by his teachers for not paying attention in class. He could not understand the information given to him during the school day. He thought he was stupid and useless. But he was not. His parents got him tested by a doctor for ADHD. He is one of many kids in the United States who have been recognized as having it. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a major issue in the educationRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay700 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is ADHD? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects almost 10% of American children between 13 and 18 years old, as well as 4% of U.S. adults over 18. Only a licensed mental health professional can provide an ADHD diagnosis, after a thorough evaluation. ADHD has three primary characteristics: Inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Inattentive: Are effortlessly distracted, fail to catch details, are forgetful, and regularly switch activities. Find it difficult to focus

Museum Impressionism and Artist - 1057 Words

I decided to go to the Cummer Museum for my visit. This is where I went for my museum visit for Humanities I and I liked it so much I wanted to go back again. I was interested to see any of the new art that has been added to its collection since my last visit. Also the museum just had its 50th anniversary and had an exhibit of art that was purchased for its anniversary. I was also interested in the traveling exhibit they had set up which was Impressionism and Post Impressionism from the High Museum of Art. Here is a list of art that I found to be very interesting: 1.) Title: Cinerary Urn Artist: Unknown The carvings in this urn were very detailed and you could tell that it was carved for someone of importance. 2.) Title: Head of†¦show more content†¦The dog looks as though he is ready to take of your ankles! 19.) Title: Lute Player Artist: Jacob-Fransz van der Merck I really liked the way the artist painted her robe coming off of her shoulder, and the way the scarf drapes the sides of her face. 20.) Title: Martin Buber from Ten Portraits of Jews of the 20th Century Artist: Andy Warhol I liked the way the artist went back over the outline of his face in a different color. It really makes it look 3D and it just sticks out. The following are from the traveling exhibit: 1.) Title: Preparatory Sketch for â€Å"Mother and Child in a Boat† Artist: Mary Cassatt The child looks so happy to be with her mother. She looks as though she has no worries in the world. 2.) Title: Sketch of Mother looking down at Thomas Artist: Mary Cassatt The child in this painting looks very sad. He looks as though he has been crying. I liked the way the mother is holding and comforting him. 23.) Title: Port of London Night Artist: Maximilien Luce This painting looks very calming as the sun is setting behind the city. While looking at this painting I was imaging sitting on the dock, relaxing, and watching the sun go down. 24.) Title: Peasant Women Carrying Kindling Artist: Camille Pissarro The women in this painting look very tired as they carry the kindling on their backs. They look to be worn out as if they can not takeShow MoreRelatedPost-impressionism and Artists1298 Words   |  6 PagesImpressionism was a movement tha t came about in the late 19th century, most specifically its roots can be traced back the 1874 when a group called the Anonymous Society of Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers, etc. organized an exhibition in Paris. (Samu, 2004). The group led several exhibitions through the 1880’s which brought them into the spot light despite criticism from the conventional art community in France. The movement received its name from one of the movements most now most recognized artistsRead MoreEssay on Impressionist effects on Modern Art809 Words   |  4 Pagestheir coevals more than thirty years to admit them. In retrospect, as the years pass, Impressionism, occurs to us in these times, much more to affirm close links with tradition, and to represent the aesthetic acquirement of an artistic creation associated with realistic representation. This connection has for a significant period of time been deemed as the most normal thing in the world, to which impressionism had given a revised de finition based on impression, will thereafter relinquish its compulsoryRead MoreStyle And Style Of Henri Rousseaus The Sleeping Gypsy1334 Words   |  6 PagesSyed Rehman ARTH1106 Prof. Sue Karnet Nov 29, 2017 Title of the work: The Sleeping Gypsy Name of the artist: Henri Rousseau Date created:1897 Current Location of Work: The artwork â€Å"The Sleeping Gypsy† was painted by the French artist Henri Rousseau in 1897. Rousseau first publicly displayed the art, â€Å"The Sleeping Gypsy†, at the exhibition â€Å"13th Salon des Indà ©pendants† where he was unsuccessful in selling his artwork. As indicated by Alfred H. Barr, Jr., in his book, â€Å"It entered the private collectionRead MoreLes Grands Boulevard And La Grande Jatte1161 Words   |  5 Pages20 1/2 x 25in. European oil on canvas painting created by Pierre-Auguste Renoir in 1875 during the impressionism movement (â€Å"Philadelphia Museum of Art†). The painting is currently housed in the Philadelphia Museum of Art (â€Å"Philadelphia Museum of Art†). A Sunday on La Grande Jatte is another European oil on canvas painting. Georges Seurat started this painting in 1884 during the post impressionism movement and completed it in 1886 ( About This Artwork.). In 1889 Seurat made one final change toRead MoreThe Impr essionist Period : The Impressionists Techniques Developed During The Late 1800s1678 Words   |  7 Pagesoften having visible rough brush strokes which gave the appearance of being quickly painted. These original Impressionists artists were rejected by the government sponsored exhibitions, or salons, and began holding their own independent show in 1874. Because of this independence they faced strong resistance from the conventional art community in France. The name Impressionism is draw from the title of a Claude Monet work, â€Å"Impression, Sunrise†, in which Monet used visible brushstrokes to form theRead MoreA Brief Note On Impressionism And Post Impressionism958 Words   |  4 PagesIWT1 Task 1 Impressionism and Post Impressionism By WGU student In early 19th century, the French government controlled the Academies des Beaux-Arts and Salon de Paris of paintings. The Academies were considered the ruling authority and held annual art exhibits called salons. The salons featured works of art that conformed to their standards. In the second half of the 19th century, Impressionism began which was a result of French artists rejecting traditional government and their standards. In 1874Read MoreClaude Monet and Impressionism1107 Words   |  4 PagesWhen you talk about impressionism, you will always connect it with Oscar Claude Monet but there were many impressionist artists beside Claude Monet. But in this composition we will talk more about Claude Monet because he was the founder of Impressionism in the world. Oscar Claude Monet was the founder of impressionism. He is a famous french painter whose work gave a name to the art movement impressionism. Claude Monet’s famous quote is â€Å"merely think here is a little square of blue, here an oblongRead MoreArtists of The Impressionism Movement Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesImpressionism was born from the urge to break free from the constraints of Art forms in the 19th century. Many studies under mentors who passed on the traditional styles painting form and figure, but some spoke of revolutionizing the art world. World events and public attitude toward art allowed impressionists to break free from the mainstream French Art scene. Impressionism was initially forged out of a love for nature. The artists were interested in depicting reality as they saw beauty in evenRead MoreAutumn on the Seine, Argenteuil by Claude Monet Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesArgenteuil The following is an analysis and an interpretation of Autumn on the Seine, Argenteuil. This oil on canvas painting can be found in the High Museum of Art. Claude Monet, the artist of this piece painted this in 1873, right as the Impressionism Movement was beginning. Monet played the important role of one of the founders of the Impressionism Movement with his works like Autumn on the Seine, Argenteuil. Autumn on the Seine, Argenteuil is from a series of paintings that Monet did while in ArgenteuilRead MoreMemo: Decorating the New Office Space With Artwork1091 Words   |  4 Pagesequality and diversity, important cornerstones of our philosophy. Cassatts Mother Combing Her Childs Hair shows a mother tenderly caring for her child. Its study of light and shadow and focus on a naturalistic domestic scene is characteristic of Impressionism. The subject and the treatment are soothing and generous, and will convey a sense of peace to clients. Another Impressionist work which is similarly calming is that of Claude Monets The Japanese Footbridge. Monets 1899 study of the footbridge

A Critical Analysis of Tennysons In Memoriam A H Essay Example For Students

A Critical Analysis of Tennysons In Memoriam A H Essay H A Critical Analysis of Tensions In Memorial A. H. H. During the Victorian Period, long held and comfortable religiousbeliefs fell under great scrutiny. An early blow to these beliefs camefrom the Utilitarian, followers of Jeremy Bantam, in the form of a testby reason of many of the long-standing institutions of England,including the church. When seen through the eyes of reason, religionbecame merely an outmoded superstition (Ford ; Christ 896). If thiswere not enough for the faithful to contend with, the torch of doubt wassoon passed to the scientists. Geologists were publishing the resultsof their studies which concluded that the Earth was far older than thebiblical accounts would have it (Ford ; Christ 897). Astronomers wereextending humanitys knowledge of stellar distances, and NaturalHistorians such as Charles Darwin were swiftly building theories ofevolution that defied the Old Testament version of creation (Ford ;Christ 897). God seemed to be dissolving before a panicked Englandsvery eyes, replaced by the vision of a cold, mechan istic universe thatcared little for our existence. Alfred, Lord Tennyson was painfully aware of the implications ofsuch a universe, and he struggled with his own doubts about theexistence of God. We glimpse much of his struggles in the poem InMemorial A. H. H., written in memory of his deceased friend, ArthurHallam. The poem seemed to be cathartic for Tennyson, for through itswriting he not only found an outlet for his grief over Hallams death,but also managed to regain the faith which seemed at times to haveabandoned him. Tennyson regained and firmly reestablished his faiththrough the formation of the idea that God is reconciled with themechanistic universe through a divine plan of evolution, with Hallam asthe potential link to a greater race of humans yet to come. In the first of many lyric units, Tennysons faith in God andJesus seems strong. He speaks of Believing where we cannot prove (l. 4), and is sure that God wilt not leave us in the dust (l. 9). Theincreasing threat posed to religion by science does not worry Tensionhere, as he believes that our increasing knowledge of the universe canbe reconciled with faith, saying:Let knowledge grow from more to more,But more of reverence in us dwell;That mind and soul, according well,May make one music as before (1. 25-28). He does anticipate doubt, though, as he asks in advance for Godsforgiveness for the Confusions of a wasted youth (l. 42). Tennysonhere foresees the difficulties inherent in reconciling God with the colduniverse slowly emerging for the notes of scientists. In order to deal with the tasks set before him, Tennyson mustfirst boldly face the possibility of a world without God. In stanzanumber three, Sorrow, personified as a woman, whispers thesedisconcerting possibilities to a grief-ridden Tennyson, saying, And allthe phantom, Nature, stands- / A hollow form with empty hands (3.9,12). He questions whether he should embrace or crush Sorrow withall her uncomfortable suggestions. Tennyson goes on to face an even worse possibility than a lonelyuniverse, that being the possibility of an existence without meaning. In this view, human life is not eternal, and everything returns to dustforever. God is like some wild poet, when he works / Without aconscience or an aim (34.7-8). Why even consider such a God, Tennysonasks, and why not end life all the sooner if this vision of God is true(34.9-12)? He answers himself in the next poem, however, as he banishessuch a possibility on the evidence that love could never exist in such areality. What we consider to be love would actually be only be atwo-dimensional sense of fellowship, such as animals must feel, out ofboredom or crude sensuality (35.21-24) The many poems which follow fluctuate between faith and doubt. In poem fifty-four Tennyson consoles himself with the thought:That nothing walks with aimless feet;That not one life shall be destroyed,Or cast as rubbish to the void,When God hat made the pile complete (54.5-9). Line nine of poem fifty-four definitely assumes a plan for Godscreation, humanity, and an end goal. In the next two poems, however, hereturns to the doubts which a scientific reading of nature inspires, andreminds himself that though nature is So careful of the type (55.7),she is yet careless of the single life (55.8). This notion ofsurvival of the fittest is extremely disconcerting to Tennyson. Henotices in poem fifty-six the even more alarming fact that many specieshave passed into oblivion, and that humans could very well follow intheir footsteps. This is the mechanistic Nature, red in tooth andclaw, (56.15) whose existence seemed beyond a care of human lives andhuman needs. No longer were men Gods chosen and beloved, but, on thecontrary, they seemed no more noble than the countless scores of otherlife which had roamed the planet and passed into extinction. Tennysonwrites:O life as futile, then as frail!O for thy voice to soothe and bless!What hope of answer, or redress?Behind the veil, behind the veil (56.25-28). He feels, here, all too well the possibility of our own cosmicinsignificance. The one hope that remains for Tennyson lives in the thought thatevolution might actually be Gods divine plan for humanity. If we have,in fact, developed to our present state from a lower form, then who isto say that development has ceased? Might we not be evolving evercloser to Gods image and divinity itself, leaving behind theSatyr-shape (35.22) and ape-like visage of our ancestors? The factthat we love, as Tennyson mentioned before, separates us from animals. To support this idea, Tennyson delves into his relationship with ArthurHallam, a figure linking humanitys present condition to the superiorrace yet to come. In poem sixty-four, Tennyson speaks of Hallam,describing him with the words:And moving up from high to higher,Becomes on Fortunes crowning slopeThe pillar of a peoples hope,The center of a worlds desire (64.13-16). In subsequent sections, he speaks of the divinity present in Hallam,seeming to compare him at times even to Jesus, as in poem eighty-four,where he writes, I see thee sitting crowned with good (84.5), and,later, in unit eighty-seven, we saw / The God within him light hisface, / And seem to lift the form, and glow / In azure orbitsheavenly-wise (87.35-37). Hallam, Tennyson suggests, would have been alink not only between the present race and that which is to come, butalso between a world in turmoil and the God who will restore it topeace. This notion of the division between chaotic nature and anordered divinity is metaphorically expressed through images of thespirit leaving the body (47.6-7), the body, of course, being thephysical entity prone to sickness and weariness, and the spirit as thetranscendent aspect which shall someday be reunited with those in Heaven(47.9-16). He speaks of the coming of the thousand years of peace (106.28),presumably when the higher race is realized and all institutions havebeen reformed for the common love of good (106.24). It is not yettime, though, for this race to find fruition. He speaks of Hallam asThe herald of a higher race (118.14), suggesting that his friend wasmerely a glimpse of what is yet to come. Humanity must yet Moveupward, working out the beast, And let the ape and tiger die(118.27-28). In other words, a nature now brutal and cold, careless oflife, will someday become, High nature amorous of the good(109.10-11). These words suggest a slow process, not to be accomplishedin the life of merely one man, no matter how great he may be. Tennysonseems comforted by the contemplation of the golden age to come, though,saying, And all is well, though faith and form / Be sundered in thenight of fear (127.1-2). Through his contemplation, Tennyson seems tohave renewed his faith that nature has not been abandoned by God, thoughscience would have us believe it so. Finally, after addressing these doubts raised by science, Tennysonturns his sights to the Utilitarian attack on religion. In poem 124, heexplains that one cannot come to God through reason, but must felldivinity. He writes:I found Him not in world or sun, Or eagles wing, or insects eye,Nor through the questions men may try,The petty cobwebs we have spun (124.4-7). Instead, Tennyson rediscovers his faith through the emotion, saying Ihave felt (124.16). This statement harkens back to the passages inwhich Tennyson speaks of love as the convincing factor that we are notalone, for without God, love would be an excessive and unnecessarydimension, and thus would have no reason to exist at all in amechanistic universe.. His love for Hallam, and the hope that they willsomeday meet again, is thus the tie which holds Tennyson to his faith. Through Hallam, whom Tennyson says, Oerlookst the tumult for afar(127.19), he knows all is well (127.20). With the epilogue, the private, intellectual wars of In Memoriamconclude peacefully. Tennyson describes the wedding day of his sisterand suggests that the child resulting from the union will be yet acloser link / Betwixt us and the crowning raceNo longer half-akin tobrute (127-28, 133). He reminds us yet again that Hallum Appearedere the times were ripe (139), and thus merely anticipated thatfar-off divine event, / To which the whole creation moves (143-44). Works CitedFord, George H. and Carol T. Christ. The Victorian Age. The Norton Anthology of English Literature.Ed. M. H. Abrams. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1993. (pps. 891-910). HELPING THE HOMELESS EssayTennyson, Alfred, Lord. In Memoriam A. H. H.. Ed. M. H. Abrams. NewYork: W. W. Norton and Co., 1993. (pps. 1084-1133). A Critical Analysis of Tensions In Memorial A. H. H. During the Victorian Period, long held and comfortable religiousbeliefs fell under great scrutiny. An early blow to these beliefs camefrom the Utilitarian, followers of Jeremy Bantam, in the form of a testby reason of many of the long-standing institutions of England,including the church. When seen through the eyes of reason, religionbecame merely an outmoded superstition (Ford ; Christ 896). If thiswere not enough for the faithful to contend with, the torch of doubt wassoon passed to the scientists. Geologists were publishing the resultsof their studies which concluded that the Earth was far older than thebiblical accounts would have it (Ford ; Christ 897). Astronomers wereextending humanitys knowledge of stellar distances, and NaturalHistorians such as Charles Darwin were swiftly building theories ofevolution that defied the Old Testament version of creation (Ford ;Christ 897). God seemed to be dissolving before a panicked Englandsvery eyes, replaced by the vision of a cold, mechan istic universe thatcared little for our existence. Alfred, Lord Tennyson was painfully aware of the implications ofsuch a universe, and he struggled with his own doubts about theexistence of God. We glimpse much of his struggles in the poem InMemorial A. H. H., written in memory of his deceased friend, ArthurHallam. The poem seemed to be cathartic for Tennyson, for through itswriting he not only found an outlet for his grief over Hallams death,but also managed to regain the faith which seemed at times to haveabandoned him. Tennyson regained and firmly reestablished his faiththrough the formation of the idea that God is reconciled with themechanistic universe through a divine plan of evolution, with Hallam asthe potential link to a greater race of humans yet to come. In the first of many lyric units, Tennysons faith in God andJesus seems strong. He speaks of Believing where we cannot prove (l. 4), and is sure that God wilt not leave us in the dust (l. 9). Theincreasing threat posed to religion by science does not worry Tensionhere, as he believes that our increasing knowledge of the universe canbe reconciled with faith, saying:Let knowledge grow from more to more,But more of reverence in us dwell;That mind and soul, according well,May make one music as before (1. 25-28). He does anticipate doubt, though, as he asks in advance for Godsforgiveness for the Confusions of a wasted youth (l. 42). Tennysonhere foresees the difficulties inherent in reconciling God with the colduniverse slowly emerging for the notes of scientists. In order to deal with the tasks set before him, Tennyson mustfirst boldly face the possibility of a world without God. In stanzanumber three, Sorrow, personified as a woman, whispers thesedisconcerting possibilities to a grief-ridden Tennyson, saying, And allthe phantom, Nature, stands- / A hollow form with empty hands (3.9,12). He questions whether he should embrace or crush Sorrow withall her uncomfortable suggestions. Tennyson goes on to face an even worse possibility than a lonelyuniverse, that being the possibility of an existence without meaning. In this view, human life is not eternal, and everything returns to dustforever. God is like some wild poet, when he works / Without aconscience or an aim (34.7-8). Why even consider such a God, Tennysonasks, and why not end life all the sooner if this vision of God is true(34.9-12)? He answers himself in the next poem, however, as he banishessuch a possibility on the evidence that love could never exist in such areality. What we consider to be love would actually be only be atwo-dimensional sense of fellowship, such as animals must feel, out ofboredom or crude sensuality (35.21-24) The many poems which follow fluctuate between faith and doubt. In poem fifty-four Tennyson consoles himself with the thought:That nothing walks with aimless feet;That not one life shall be destroyed,Or cast as rubbish to the void,When God hat made the pile complete (54.5-9). Line nine of poem fifty-four definitely assumes a plan for Godscreation, humanity, and an end goal. In the next two poems, however, hereturns to the doubts which a scientific reading of nature inspires, andreminds himself that though nature is So careful of the type (55.7),she is yet careless of the single life (55.8). This notion ofsurvival of the fittest is extremely disconcerting to Tennyson. Henotices in poem fifty-six the even more alarming fact that many specieshave passed into oblivion, and that humans could very well follow intheir footsteps. This is the mechanistic Nature, red in tooth andclaw, (56.15) whose existence seemed beyond a care of human lives andhuman needs. No longer were men Gods chosen and beloved, but, on thecontrary, they seemed no more noble than the countless scores of otherlife which had roamed the planet and passed into extinction. Tennysonwrites:O life as futile, then as frail!O for thy voice to soothe and bless!What hope of answer, or redress?Behind the veil, behind the veil (56.25-28). He feels, here, all too well the possibility of our own cosmicinsignificance. The one hope that remains for Tennyson lives in the thought thatevolution might actually be Gods divine plan for humanity. If we have,in fact, developed to our present state from a lower form, then who isto say that development has ceased? Might we not be evolving evercloser to Gods image and divinity itself, leaving behind theSatyr-shape (35.22) and ape-like visage of our ancestors? The factthat we love, as Tennyson mentioned before, separates us from animals. To support this idea, Tennyson delves into his relationship with ArthurHallam, a figure linking humanitys present condition to the superiorrace yet to come. In poem sixty-four, Tennyson speaks of Hallam,describing him with the words:And moving up from high to higher,Becomes on Fortunes crowning slopeThe pillar of a peoples hope,The center of a worlds desire (64.13-16). In subsequent sections, he speaks of the divinity present in Hallam,seeming to compare him at times even to Jesus, as in poem eighty-four,where he writes, I see thee sitting crowned with good (84.5), and,later, in unit eighty-seven, we saw / The God within him light hisface, / And seem to lift the form, and glow / In azure orbitsheavenly-wise (87.35-37). Hallam, Tennyson suggests, would have been alink not only between the present race and that which is to come, butalso between a world in turmoil and the God who will restore it topeace. This notion of the division between chaotic nature and anordered divinity is metaphorically expressed through images of thespirit leaving the body (47.6-7), the body, of course, being thephysical entity prone to sickness and weariness, and the spirit as thetranscendent aspect which shall someday be reunited with those in Heaven(47.9-16). He speaks of the coming of the thousand years of peace (106.28),presumably when the higher race is realized and all institutions havebeen reformed for the common love of good (106.24). It is not yettime, though, for this race to find fruition. He speaks of Hallam asThe herald of a higher race (118.14), suggesting that his friend wasmerely a glimpse of what is yet to come. Humanity must yet Moveupward, working out the beast, And let the ape and tiger die(118.27-28). In other words, a nature now brutal and cold, careless oflife, will someday become, High nature amorous of the good(109.10-11). These words suggest a slow process, not to be accomplishedin the life of merely one man, no matter how great he may be. Tennysonseems comforted by the contemplation of the golden age to come, though,saying, And all is well, though faith and form / Be sundered in thenight of fear (127.1-2). Through his contemplation, Tennyson seems tohave renewed his faith that nature has not been abandoned by God, thoughscience would have us believe it so. Finally, after addressing these doubts raised by science, Tennysonturns his sights to the Utilitarian attack on religion. In poem 124, heexplains that one cannot come to God through reason, but must felldivinity. He writes:I found Him not in world or sun, Or eagles wing, or insects eye,Nor through the questions men may try,The petty cobwebs we have spun (124.4-7). Instead, Tennyson rediscovers his faith through the emotion, saying Ihave felt (124.16). This statement harkens back to the passages inwhich Tennyson speaks of love as the convincing factor that we are notalone, for without God, love would be an excessive and unnecessarydimension, and thus would have no reason to exist at all in amechanistic universe.. His love for Hallam, and the hope that they willsomeday meet again, is thus the tie which holds Tennyson to his faith. Through Hallam, whom Tennyson says, Oerlookst the tumult for afar(127.19), he knows all is well (127.20). With the epilogue, the private, intellectual wars of In Memoriamconclude peacefully. Tennyson describes the wedding day of his sisterand suggests that the child resulting from the union will be yet acloser link / Betwixt us and the crowning raceNo longer half-akin tobrute (127-28, 133). Category: English